UNIT-9 [ Lesson-2: Bibliography and the difference between footnote and bibliography ]
After reading this lesson you will be able to:
- say what a bibliography is,
- distinguish between footnote and bibliography,
- describe the techniques of writing a bibliography, and
- write bibliographies.
Bibliography and the difference between footnote and bibliography
The traditional bibliography
A bibliography is a list of the books and journals that are referred to in a particular book or paper. The list is orderly and covers references on the subject of the book or paper. A bibliography is usually placed at the end of a book or paper. Under the title Bibliography the publications (i.e., books, journals etc.) are mentioned in alphabetical order. The list is divided into such groupings as Books, Periodicals, Reports, etc.
The techniques
The techniques followed in bibliographical entries are, by and large, similar to those followed in footnote entries. However, note the following exceptions:
(1) To make the list in alphabetical order the surname (i.e., the last name) of the author is placed first.
(2) The second and following lines of an entry are placed five spaces to the right of the beginning of the first line. This technique makes the alphabetised first line more prominent.
(3) A bibliographic entry does not mention any single page or a number of pages or a passage or chapter etc. Instead, it gives the total number of pages of the whole publication.
(4) Subsequent entries of publication of the same author are indicated by a line as shown in the example below.
Example
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Doff, A., Teach English, Teacher’s workbook, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, p. 139.
-Teach English, Trainer’s Handbook, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, p. 286.
The annotated bibliography
An annotated bibliography contains a brief comment on the content and value of the entry. It is used mainly in scholarly writing.
Example
Hadfield, J., Classroom Dynamics, Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1990, p. 180.
Designed to help teachers overcome one of their most difficult problems: how to establish a good working
relationship with noncooperative classes. In the present-day EFL classroom, where pair work and group work are increasingly the norm, harmonious relationships in the classroom have become fundamental to the success of courses.
ACTIVITY
1. How does a traditional bibliography differ from an annotated one? Choose any three textbooks from the courses you are doing at BOU and then write annotated bibliographical entries for them.
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