Today is our topic of discussion-Production of New Things
Production of New Things
Let’s read
We generally sell off old newspapers, bottles, cans and other used materials. These old, used things are converted into new things which we can use again. This is called recycling. I’m sure you would like to know more about this.
Section: 1
Recycling rubbish not only helps save money. It also helps the environment. We lessen the pollution that is created by burning rubbish and we save valuable resources. Western countries waste a great deal of earth’s resources. In Bangladesh, a lot of trees are felled every week just for the printing of different news papers. Recycling used paper would easily save these trees.
Many countries encourage recycling and new technology, allows more waste to be reused. Most of the world’s rubbish can be reused-paper, metals, glass, and even some plastics.
Read, Think and Answer 1
Say if the following statements are True or False.
1. Recycling is reusing the waste
2. Recycling doesn’t increase pollution
3. Technology makes recycling possible
4. Only a few used things can be recycled.
Section II
Plastic is one of the most difficult substances to recycle, because it comes in so many varieties. Some plastic bottles, for example, consist of six layers of different types of plastic, each designed to give the bottles certain qualities- shape, strength, flexibility. And as yet there is no simple way to be turned an old plastic bottle into a new one.
Plastic scrap can only be turned into a porduct of lower quality- a plastic might be cleaned, cut into very, very tiny pieces and used to stuff seat cushions, a mixture of plastic waste can be recycled into plastic ‘timber’ and used to make durable fencing. But a lot of plastic waste still has to be thrown away.
Metals are different. Any car on the road today will consist, in part, of earlier cars that have been scrapped and recycled into new steel and other metals.
The more valuable the metal, like gold and silver, the more it pays to recycle it. Aluminium is worth recycling because extracting it from Bauxite consumes a huge amount of electricity.
Read, Think and Answer II
Say if the following statements are True or false
1. Plastic can be recycled and converted into a new plastic mug.
2. A new car may have a component produced by recycling metal scrap.
3. Recycling some of the products helps in saving electricity.
Section III
Glass is also worth recovering. The most sensible method is to use glass bottles as often as possible. In countries which still use milk bottles, the average bottle makes about 30 trips to and from the dairy.
Broken glass known as ‘cullet’ can also be recycled, and many western countries have bottle banks into which used bottles can be thrown.
Usually there are payments. Bottle banks depend on pepole’s goodwill. The success of bottle banks varies widely from country to country. The Swiss and Dutch recover 50 percent of their glass, while in Britain only 12 percent is recovered. In Bangladesh, of course, we sell our bottles which are then reused.
Glass is best separated by colour, since cullet of mixed colours can be used only to make green glass. Broken glass can be remelted in furnaces and then it can easily be shaped into new bottles or other objects.
Half the world’s waste consists of paper.
Many countries import waste paper rather than new pulp for their paper mills. The waste is pulped, cleaned and bleached to remove most of the ink and dirt, before it is turned into new paper in the same way as wood pulp or rags, Japan now makes half its paper by recycling.
It is true that in Bangladesh we generally avoid waste. However, as we enter the twenty-first century, we are beginning to imitate some of the wasteful habits of
the western countries. This is something that all of us need to think about.
Read, Think and Answer III
Say if the following statements are True or False.
1. The Swiss and the Dutch make half their paper by recycling.
2. Cullet cannot be recycled
3. Green glass can be made from broken glass of different colours
4. A major portion of the world’s waste consists of paper.
Overall Questions
1. What are the advantages of recycling?
2. When you go shopping, would you like the shopkeeper to use paper or polythene to pack the things you buy? Give reasons for your answer.
Let’s Learn Grammar
Read the following sentences from the text:
1. It is true that in Bangladesh we generally avoid waste. However, as we enter the twenty-first century, we are beginning to imitate some of the wasteful habits of the western countries.
2. A mixture of plastic waste can be recycled into plastic timber’ and used to make durable fencing. But a lot of plastic waste still has to be thrown away. In the above pairs of sentences, the second sentence is introduced by words however and but. These words connect the second statement that has a contrasting idea with the first. But is generally used in informal contexts. Sometimes but can be replaced with still, or yet. For example.
The teacher was angry. But he did not punish the student.
The teacher was angry. Still he did not punish the student.
The teacher was angry, yet he did not punish the student. But in more contexts and when we wish to be emphatic
we use however. Notice that however is used in the middle of the sentence with a comma. The teacher was angry, he did not, however, punish the student.
If we wish to be more emphatic still, we use however in the initial position as in the following sentences. The teacher was angry. However, he did not punish the student. Rewrite the following sentences using different contrast words like Yet, but, however.
1. Cars can go very fast. They cannot, however, go as fast as aeroplanes.
Increase your word power
1. Score out words which do not constitute our natural resource
Earth
Plastic
Trees
Paper
Bottles
Gold
Air
Water
2. Match the describing words with the noun they describe
Describing word
Noun
Valuable
bottles
Coloured Western
metals
glass
Plastic. Precious
countries
resources
Eg: plastic bottles.
Let’s talk
We find there is a campaign for clean and green environment and various suggestions are being given to preserve nature and natural resources. Assume you are discussing with a friend of yours the ways and means of keeping the environment clean and green.
Example
You: Do not waste paper
Your Friend: Why should we not throw away used paper?
You: One reason is. It can always be recycled.
Let’s Write
Describing a process
Read the following:
The waste is pulped, cleaned and bleached to remove most of the ink and dirt. before it is turned into new paper in the same way as wood pulp or rags.” What is the above description about? It describes the process of manufacturing paper using waste substances. The process involves four stages. To make the process more explicit, we can use time markers such as ‘first’, ‘scond’ and ‘next. We can say “First, the waste is pulped. Next it is cleaned and after that it is bleached. Finally, it is turned into new paper.”
Given below are the important stages involved in writing and sending letters. Rewrite them in the form of a paragraph. Use time markers to connect the sentences.
Write a letter
Put the letter in the envelope – Get It weighed -Buy stamps
Check Your Answer Read, think and answer I
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
Read, think and answer II
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
Read, think and answer III
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
Overall Questions
1. Recycling rubbish not only helps save money, it also helps the enviroment. We lessen the pollution that is created by burning rubbish and we save valuable resources.
2. I would like the shopkeeper to use paper for packing things because after use it can be recycled but polyethylene cannot be recycled.
Let’s learn grammar
1. Cars can go very fast. They cannot, however, go as fast as acroplanes. Cars can go very fast, but they cannot go as fast as aeroplanes. Cars can go very fast. However, they cannot go as fast as aeroplanes. Cars can go very fast. Yet, they cannot go as fast as aeroplanes.
2. We can send space ships to the Mars. Still, we cannot send space ships to the Sun.